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The Lord of the Rings
The Lord of the Rings ( original English title : The Lord of the Rings ) is a trilogy of fantasy books created by writer , teacher and British philologist JRR Tolkien . The saga begins as a result of a previous book of Tolkien's The Hobbit ( The Hobbit ) , and soon developed into a much larger story. It was written between 1937 and 1949 , with many parts created during World War II Mundial.2 Although Tolkien has planned to accomplish it in one volume , was originally published in three volumes ( "The Fellowship of the Ring " , "The Two Towers " and " The Return of the King" ) between 1954 and 1955 , and was thus , in three volumes , which became popular . Since been reprinted several times and translated into over 40 languages and sold over 160 million copies , 3 making it one of the most popular works of literature of the twentieth century.
The first edition in Portuguese published in Brazil by the former editor Artenova of Rio de Janeiro - with translation by Antonio Rocha and Alberto Monjardim - consisted of six volumes (having each of the three books in the series divided into two volumes , sold separately). Were entitled " Magic Land " , " The People of the Ring " ( which formed Fellowship of the Ring ) , " The Two Towers " , " The Return of the Ring " ( which formed The Two Towers ) , " The Siege of Gondor " and " the Return of the King " (which closed the series forming the third and final original volume , the Return of the King ) . All these six books were released in the country between 1974 and 1979 . The second edition was published in Portuguese and published in Portugal during the 1980s , published by America Europe, with three separate volumes . A third and last time the English edition was held by Brazilian publisher Routledge in 1991 and published in 1994 . In this new edition, Routledge corrected prior to publishing six volumes publisher " error " , uniting them as originally published in Great Britain , under the same titles , duly traduzidos4 .
The story of The Lord of the Rings takes place in an imaginary time and space, the Third Age of Middle Earth , which is inspired by the real Earth, more specifically world, according to Tolkien , a mythological Europe, inhabited by Humans and other races : Elves , dwarves and Orcs . Tolkien gave the name to this place the word in modern English , Middle-earth ( Middle-earth ) , derived from the Old English middangeard , the realm where humans live in Norse mythology and Germanic . Tolkien himself said he intended AMBIENTA it in our Land, approximately 6,000 years ago , 5 although the correspondence with the geography and history of the real world was fragile.
The story chronicles the conflict against evil that is spreading through Middle Earth, through the various races Fight - Humans, Dwarves , Elves , Ents and Hobbits - against Orcs , to prevent the " Ring of Power " return to the hands of his creator Sauron , the Dark Lord . Starting from quiet beginnings County , the story changes through Middle-earth and follows the course of the War of the Ring through the eyes of his characters , especially the protagonist , Frodo Baggins. The main story is followed by six appendices that provide a wealth of historical background material and linguístico.6
Along with other works of Tolkien , The Lord of the Rings was the subject of extensive analysis of its themes and literary sources. While a great job has been done, the story is merely the result of a mythology in which Tolkien worked from 1917.7 Influences on this earlier work and the history of the Lord of the Rings range from elements of philology , mythology , industrialization and religion to ancient fantasy works and Tolkien 's experiences in World War I ( 1914-18 ) , which participara.8 the Lord of the Rings had a great effect on modern fantasy , and the impact of Tolkien's works is such that the use of words " Tolkienian " and " Tolkienesque " ( " Tolkien " and " Tolkienesco " , the anglicized form) was recorded in the Oxford dictionary Inglês Dictionary.9
The enormous and enduring popularity of The Lord of the Rings has led to numerous references in pop culture, the creation of many companies Tolkien10 fans work and the publication of many essays on Tolkien and his work . The Lord of the Rings inspired ( and continues to inspire ) works of art, music , film and television , video games and a parallel literature. The American filmmaker George Lucas admitted in an interview that his cinematrográfica Star Wars saga , has been inspired by Tolkien's saga . Adaptations of the book have been made for radio, theater and film . In 2001 - 2003 was launched the film trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( The Lord of the Rings ) , which became a box office success worldwide , exposing significantly and unprecedented work of the author to the general public , which eventually renew its contingent of fans and admirers and promote an explosion of interest in the Lord of the Rings , as well as other works of Tolkien11 .
Structure of the work and background of the story
It has been said that the work should be released in a single volume , but it was divided into three as a way to reduce the costs ( paper rationing was in England post-war ) . Each volume is divided into two volumes , or " books."
The first volume , The Fellowship of the Ring , published in 1954 , contains a prologue , in which are given the characteristics of the Hobbits .
The second volume , The Two Towers , published a few months after The Fellowship of the Ring , also in 1954 , continues the original story with more characters .
The saga ends with the publication in 1955 of the third volume , entitled The Return of the King , which contains several explanatory appendices on the history , languages , the chronology of the narrative and additional information about the mythology created by Tolkien for his Middle-earth .
The Hand of Sauron
The backdrop of the story is revealed as the book progresses , and also elaborated in the appendices , the Silmarillion and Unfinished Tales , the last published after Tolkien's death . Begins thousands of years before the action in the book , with the rise of the eponymous Lord of the Rings , the dark lord Sauron , possessed of great supernatural powers who ruled the dreaded realm of Mordor . At the end of the First Age of Middle-earth , Sauron survived the catastrophic defeat and exile of his master , the key figure of the evil Morgoth and Sauron during the Second Age planned to gain mastery over Middle Earth . Guise of " Annatar " or lord of gifts helped the Elves of Eregion smiths , and encouraged the forging of the magic rings that conferred various powers and abilities to their carriers , but Celebrimbor , leader of blacksmiths elves ( and very talented grandson of Fëanor had created the Silmarils in the First Age ) , regardless of the Sauron had forged . The most important of these were the nineteen Rings of Power or Great Rings
Then Sauron secretly forged a Great Ring for himself , the One Ring , as it planned to enslave the bearers of the other Rings of Power . This plan failed partly because the Elves became aware of it and hid their rings , the Three Elven Rings , giving them to the Sages of his time ( Galadriel , Cirdan and Gil - Galad ) . These , Sauron never touched . Sauron then launched the war , during which he captured sixteen of the power rings and distributed them to the lords and kings of dwarves and men . These rings were known as the seven and nine respectively. The Dwarf Lords proved too tough to enslavement , although his natural desire for wealth , especially gold , increase , it brought many conflicts between them and other races . Of the seven rings that had been given to the Dwarf-lords Sauron regained that had not been destroyed , and the nine rings presented to Men , Sauron brought everyone to their custody . These human carriers of Nine slowly became corrupted and consequently the undead , Nazgul , the Ringwraiths , the most feared servants of Sauron .
After 1500 years , the Numenoreans sent a large force to destroy Sauron , led by its powerful monarch Ar- Pharazon the Golden . Abandoned by his servants , Sauron surrendered and was taken prisoner to Númenor . However, with foresight and willpower, began advising the king and poisoned the minds of Numenoreans against the Valar . Eluded their king , advising him to invade the Undying Lands to get to be immortal as the Valar and the Elves . The Valar , upon hearing of the invasion , pleaded Eru Ilúvatar , which caused a landslide on Numenoreans , and opened a great chasm in the sea , destroying Númenor and separating the Undying Lands of Mortals . Sauron 's physical body was destroyed , but his spirit returned to Mordor and assumed a new and terrible form . Some Numenoreans (called Faithful because they have not stopped worshiping Iluvatar ) also succeeded in escaping to Middle- earth . These were called Elendili and were led by Elendil and his sons Isildur and Anarion .
After a hundred years , Sauron launched an attack against the exiles Numenoreans . Elendil formed the Last Alliance of Elves and Men with the Elven - king Gil - galad . Marched against Mordor , defeating Sauron's armies on the plains of Dagorlad and besieged fortress Barad -dur , where Anárion died . After seven years under siege , Sauron himself was forced to come out and get into a fight with the leaders . Gil - galad and Elendil were killed while fighting Sauron the sword of Elendil , Narsil , broke. Sauron's body was subdued and morto5 and Isildur cut the One Ring from his hand with what was left of the sword , Narsil , when this happened , Sauron's spirit fled and did not reappear for many centuries . Isildur was advised by Elrond , to destroy the One Ring by throwing it into the volcano of Mount Doom where it was forged, but attracted by her beauty , Isildur chose to keep it that were the heritage of his people .
Thus began the Third Age of Middle -earth. Two years later, Isildur and his soldiers were attacked in an ambush by a band of Orcs in what was later called " Disaster of the Gladden Fields " . Almost all the men were killed, but Isildur escaped by putting the Ring , which makes invisible those places . But A betrayed his carrier, escaping the finger of Isildur , who was seen by an arrow and orcs , and the Ring was lost for two millennia .
It was then found by chance in the river by an ancestor of the hobbits called Déagol . His relative Sméagol strangled and amigo5 to steal the ring . Smeagol fled to the Misty Mountains after being kicked out , and the roots of the mountains turned into a repulsive and disgusting creature called Gollum .
In The Hobbit , about 60 years before the events of Lord of the Rings , Tolkien related the story of the Ring seemingly chance encounter with another hobbit , Bilbo Baggins , who takes her home , the Shire. It was only during the creation of The Lord of the Rings Tolkien related the histórias.5 Neither Bilbo nor the wizard Gandalf were aware at this point that Bilbo 's magic ring was the One Ring , forged by the dark lord Sauron .
The saga of the Ring account at the end of the Third Age , the struggle between the free peoples of Middle-earth against Sauron , who seeks the One Ring and aims to dominate Middle -earth , as well as his master , Morgoth , tried above.
Fonte : http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Senhor_dos_An%C3%A9is
Harry Potter
Harry Potter is a series of fantastic adventures written by British JK Rowling . It consists of seven books , and since the launch of the first volume , Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in 1997 , gained great popularity and commercial success around the world and gave rise afilmes , videogames , among other itens.2
Worldwide, the Harry Potter series has sold about a billion copies , until December 2011 , more than 67 idiomas.3 4 book series that has sold more Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone about 120 million copies comercializadas.5 thanks to the great success of the books , Rowling became the richest woman in the history of literature. The books are published by Editora Rocco in Brazil and the presence Editorial Portugal.6
Much of it is set in the School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Hogwarts , and focuses on the conflict between Harry Potter and the dark wizard Lord Voldemort. At the same time, the books explore themes such as friendship , ambition , choice, prejudice, courage, growth , moral responsibility and the complexities of life and death , and place in a magical world with their own stories , people , culture and sociedades.7
All planned seven books were published . The seventh and last , called " Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows " ( translated in Brazil as " Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows ," and in Portugal , as " Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows " ) , was released in the United States in21 July 2007 , and in Brazil and Portugal on 10 November and 16 November respectively .
The seven books have led to eight films , with the latter, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , divided into two parts: one launched EM19 November 2010 , and another on 15 July 2011.8
The story begins with the wizarding world , who tries to keep secret from Muggles - term translated to Brazil as "Muggles " ( those who are not wizards ) . For many years this world has been terrorized by Lord Voldemort ( Tom Marvolo Riddle ) . On the night of his fall , Voldemort has found the hideout of the Potter family, and killed Lilian Potter and Thiago . However , when he turned his wand on the baby Potter , Harry , his curse of Death " Avada Kedavra " turned against him. Voldemort did not die just because of his Horcruxes , but with the body destroyed , he became a spirit without power, seeking refuge in hidden places of the world, meanwhile , was left Harry with a lightning -shaped scar on his forehead , the only physical sign of Voldemort's curse . Since then , Harry has become known in the wizarding world as " The Boy Who Lived " , for being the only person who survived a killing curse .
Harry Potter is an orphan raised by his uncles , the Muggles and Petunia Dursley Vernon Dursley . But when his eleventh birthday approaches , Harry has his first contact with the magical world when he receives letters from School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Hogwarts , which are stolen by his uncles before he can read them . On his eleventh birthday , Harry is told by Hagrid , the Hogwarts gamekeeper , he is a wizard and so has a place at the School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Hogwarts .
Each book records a year of Harry's life at Hogwarts , where he learns how to use and control magic . Harry also learns to overcome many magical , social and emotional obstacles he faces in his teens and at the second attempt to rise to power of Voldemort .
For detailed synopses of each book , see the article of each book .
Theme and content [ edit | edit source code ]
Mockup School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Hogwarts .
Being a series in which each book is equivalent to about one year of life of the protagonist , its content matures as Harry grows . Readers who began to read the very young saga will also maturing as they read . The story structure , including becomes more sophisticated and complex with each volume.
Rowling's books are set in the 1990s , in modern England " backpack " with cars , phones and video games. The problems in the wizarding world are solid and real as our world - prejudice, depression, hate, sacrifice, poverty , morte.9 " Harry goes to his magical world , and this is better than the world he left only because he find better people, " explains Rowling.10
One of the recurring themes throughout the series is the love , portrayed as a powerful form of magic . Dumbledore believes that the ability to love allowed Harry to resist the temptations of power Voldemort in their second meeting , did not allow the villain apossasse of Harry's body in its fifth year , and will be responsible for the final defeat of Voldemort.11 12
In contrast , another important theme is death . " My books deal very death . Begin with the death of Harry's parents . There is Voldemort's obsession with conquering death and defeat immortality at any price [ ... ] . I understand why Voldemort wants to conquer death . afraid we all have it, "said Rowling.13De fact , Voldemort's name means " flight of death " in Latin and French , and " stealing death " in French and Catalan . The books put the good versus evil and love against death . The persecution of Voldemort to avoid death , which includes episodes like drinking unicorn blood and separating his soul through the use of horcruxes , contrasts with Lily Potter 's sacrifice , love for Harry and the extraordinary magic that his gesture left him , a sacrifice that Voldemort can never understand or appreciate .
Prejudice and discrimination are also widely discussed throughout the books . Harry learns that there are pureblood wizards ( from families where there is only wizards ) who abhor the Mudblood ( a witch wizards and muggle ancestry or wizards who came from a family of muggles only ) and consider them inferior. The middle Mestizos are the wizards , or who has a parent muggle ( or muggle family ) , and the other belonging to the witch community . The most biased within the magical community take these assignments further, using them as a grading system to illustrate the value of a sorcerer , considering the Blood - Pure as superior and Mudblood as negligible . Out prejudices towards humans , there is a departure from the non- human and human - even partially .
The Forest of Dean , one of the scenarios of the last book of the series .
Another important issue arises about the choices . In Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Dumbledore makes perhaps his most important statement on the matter : " It is our choices , Harry , that show what we truly are , far more than our abilities " .14
Dumbledore addresses this issue again in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , when Cornelius Fudge says that more important than how it is born , is that the person becomes the crescer.15
As with many characters throughout the books , Dumbledore believes that " a choice between what is right and what is easy," has been a landmark in the career of Harry Potter at Hogwarts and their choices are among the characteristics that best apart from Voldemort . Both Harry and Voldemort were orphans raised in difficult environments outside the fact they share features that include , as Dumbledore said , " a very rare gift Parselmouth - wisdom , determination " and " a certain disregard for rules " .14 However , Harry , unlike Voldemort consciously decided to take their friendship , kindness, and love , while Voldemort chose purposely reject them .
While such ideas about love , prejudice and choice are , as JK Rowling states , "deeply carved in the whole plot " , the author prefers to let themes " grow organically " , rather than consciously trying to convey these ideas to the reader . 16 The friendship and lealdadesão perhaps the most " organic " themes of all , appearing mainly on the relationship between Harry , Ron and Hermione , a relationship that allows these subjects to develop naturally as the three characters grow , their relationship matures and that their experiences accumulated at Hogwarts test the fidelity of the three friends . These tests become progressively harder , watching the increasingly dark and mysterious tone of the books and the general nature of adolescence .
Structure [ Edit | edit source code ]
Film set of the Great Hall of Hogwarts
Hall of Christ Church emOxford , UK, the location used to represent the Great Hall of Hogwarts .
The Harry Potter series is drawn under a long tradition in British children's literature - the environment of boarding , a genus of the Victorian era , which emphasizes Tom Brown's Schooldays , Thomas Hughes.17 Further , similarly influential works include the Victorian era Edith Nesbit 's books , which Rowling has often said to be a fan , glorifying Nesbit by its very realistic characters and inovadores.18
There is a clear influence of elements less specific to an author, as the mythology and legends . Many of these influences are most noticeable on the creatures that inhabit the universe of Rowling , such as dragons , phoenixes and Hippogriff . Also note also to daastronomia influence, history, geography , and languages (especially Latin ) , often seen in the careful character names, places and feitiçosno wizarding world . The ' " Voldemort " the onomatopoeic " Grawp " (or " Grope " , the giant Hagrid's half-brother ) complex , Rowling creates names that usually contains many significados.19
The books are also , in the words of Stephen King, " shrewd mystery story " .20 Each book is built in a style like the mysterious adventure of Sherlock Holmes ; books leave a number of clues hidden in the narrative , while the characters chase suspects through exotic locations , leading to a sudden change that often reverses what the characters believed . The stories are told by a third-person narrator with unlimited awareness, with very few exceptions ( the opening chapter of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , the first two Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and the first Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows ), the reader discovers the secrets of the story when Harry does. The thoughts and plans of other characters , even the core as Ron and Hermione , are kept hidden until revealed to Harry .
The books tend to follow a fairly strict formula. The action takes place over a number of years can be clearly divided into six general sections :
Summer at the Dursleys : Harry spends most of the school summer holidays with the Dursleys in the Muggle world , supporting the bad treatment they receive there. This part ends with Harry going to a different location .
End of Summer : just before school starts in the fall : Harry goes to Diagon Alley , at the Burrow or Grimmauld Place , Number Twelve , . Ends with the entry of Hogwarts on the train on platform 9 ¾ .
New school year in school : new or redefined characters come alive, and Harry exceeds new daily challenges such as difficult tests , loves strangers and grumpy teachers , all this usually ends around Halloween, which coincidentally is the day that Voldemort killed Lily and James Potter .
Conflicts arise : Harry , his friends and schoolmates begin to realize that something is going on and begin to react .
Climax : Harry and his friends make an important discovery , and Harry runs desperately for a given location to a larger conflict , usually involving a battle against the villains . This usually happens near or just after final exams .
Conclusion : Harry begins to recover from the battle and learns important lessons through reports and discussions with Albus Dumbledore . Ends with Harry catching the Hogwarts Express and returning to the home with the Dursleys .
Universe [edit | edit source code ]
At King 's Cross , London , station a replica of " Season 9 3/4 " , the boarding platform of wizards to Hogwarts was created .
The Harry Potter series is set in the world we live in , inhabited by Muggles ( Muggle ) people without magical powers . But in a place reserved only for sorcerers , protected from curious Muggle , by powerful incantations and spells . The series tells the story of Harry James Potter , a boy who had parents dead by a dark wizard known as Lord Voldemort, and goes to live with the Dursleys , his uncles Muggles . At age 11 receives a letter saying that he had been accepted into the School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Hogwarts , the school that is the main setting of the series , where Harry makes true friendships , as Ronald Weasley , Hermione Granger , Neville Longbottom , Seamus Finnigan , Dean Thomas , Luna Lovegood , among others . Still undergoing hazards , aimed at restoring peace in high school giddy after events , as in the book " Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets . '"
Anyway Hogwarts , the main scenario , taking Gringotts , the bank Wizards , Diagon Alley , the alley for the sale of books , cauldrons , animals and magical products. Hogsmeade , a village just next wizards to Hogwarts , where students usually go on holidays . It happens at Hogwarts that the final war between the Death Eaters and Voldemort against students and teachers of Hogwarts , let alone Harry Potter of course .
Paste.svg Gtk - Warning: They finish at the spoilers .
Origin and publication history [edit | edit source code ]
JK Rowling worked on the development of the series of Harry Potter for 17 years.
In 1990 , JK Rowling was on a train going from Manchester to London when the idea for Harry just " appeared " in his head . Rowling tells about the experience on his website : " I've been writing steadily since the age of six but I've never been so excited about an idea before [ ... ] I simply sat and thought , for four hours ( delayed train ) , and all . the details bubbled up in my brain , and this kid wearing glasses and black hair who did not know he was a wizard became more and more real to me . " 21 that night , the author began writing his first novel , Harry Potter and the Stone Philosopher , and a plan that included the plots of each of the seven books , plus plenty of biographical and historical information about their characters and universe. 22
Over the next six years , which included the birth of their first child, a divorce from her first husband and a move to Portugal , Rowling continued to write Philosopher's Stone. 23
When I finally finished the volume , in 1996 , she sent it to a literary agent , and then eight publishers had rejected the manuscript , the Bloomsburyofereceu Rowling £ 3000 early and the Philosopher's Stone was published in the year seguinte.24
Boxes containing the sixth Harry Potter book .
Although Rowling stated that he had no particular age group when he started writing the Harry Potter books , their publishers initially directed us children aged between nine and eleven. On the eve of publication , the publishers asked Joanne Rowling to adopt a neutral pseudônimomais in relation to gender , fearing that the boys did not become interested by a book written by a woman . She elected to use JK Rowling ( Joanne Kathleen Rowling ) , omitting his first name and using her grandmother with second name . 25
After nearly a decade of the publication of the first book , Harry Potter was very successful in part because of positive reviews , strategies for marketing their publishers but also by word-of - mouth among many readers . Rowling's publishers were able to increase this fervor by rapid and successive launch of the first three books , which meant that neither the excitement nor the audience's interest Rowling caíssem.26 The series also won fans adults , causing , in many countries , each book had two editions , like audio -books , 27 with identical text or audio , but with different covers , one targeting children and another for adults.
Harry Potter is a series of fantastic adventures written by British JK Rowling . It consists of seven books , and since the launch of the first volume , Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in 1997 , gained great popularity and commercial success around the world and gave rise afilmes , videogames , among other itens.2
Worldwide, the Harry Potter series has sold about a billion copies , until December 2011 , more than 67 idiomas.3 4 book series that has sold more Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone about 120 million copies comercializadas.5 thanks to the great success of the books , Rowling became the richest woman in the history of literature. The books are published by Editora Rocco in Brazil and the presence Editorial Portugal.6
Much of it is set in the School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Hogwarts , and focuses on the conflict between Harry Potter and the dark wizard Lord Voldemort. At the same time, the books explore themes such as friendship , ambition , choice, prejudice, courage, growth , moral responsibility and the complexities of life and death , and place in a magical world with their own stories , people , culture and sociedades.7
All planned seven books were published . The seventh and last , called " Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows " ( translated in Brazil as " Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows ," and in Portugal , as " Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows " ) , was released in the United States in21 July 2007 , and in Brazil and Portugal on 10 November and 16 November respectively .
The seven books have led to eight films , with the latter, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , divided into two parts: one launched EM19 November 2010 , and another on 15 July 2011.8
The story begins with the wizarding world , who tries to keep secret from Muggles - term translated to Brazil as "Muggles " ( those who are not wizards ) . For many years this world has been terrorized by Lord Voldemort ( Tom Marvolo Riddle ) . On the night of his fall , Voldemort has found the hideout of the Potter family, and killed Lilian Potter and Thiago . However , when he turned his wand on the baby Potter , Harry , his curse of Death " Avada Kedavra " turned against him. Voldemort did not die just because of his Horcruxes , but with the body destroyed , he became a spirit without power, seeking refuge in hidden places of the world, meanwhile , was left Harry with a lightning -shaped scar on his forehead , the only physical sign of Voldemort's curse . Since then , Harry has become known in the wizarding world as " The Boy Who Lived " , for being the only person who survived a killing curse .
Harry Potter is an orphan raised by his uncles , the Muggles and Petunia Dursley Vernon Dursley . But when his eleventh birthday approaches , Harry has his first contact with the magical world when he receives letters from School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Hogwarts , which are stolen by his uncles before he can read them . On his eleventh birthday , Harry is told by Hagrid , the Hogwarts gamekeeper , he is a wizard and so has a place at the School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Hogwarts .
Each book records a year of Harry's life at Hogwarts , where he learns how to use and control magic . Harry also learns to overcome many magical , social and emotional obstacles he faces in his teens and at the second attempt to rise to power of Voldemort .
For detailed synopses of each book , see the article of each book .
Theme and content [ edit | edit source code ]
Mockup School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Hogwarts .
Being a series in which each book is equivalent to about one year of life of the protagonist , its content matures as Harry grows . Readers who began to read the very young saga will also maturing as they read . The story structure , including becomes more sophisticated and complex with each volume.
Rowling's books are set in the 1990s , in modern England " backpack " with cars , phones and video games. The problems in the wizarding world are solid and real as our world - prejudice, depression, hate, sacrifice, poverty , morte.9 " Harry goes to his magical world , and this is better than the world he left only because he find better people, " explains Rowling.10
One of the recurring themes throughout the series is the love , portrayed as a powerful form of magic . Dumbledore believes that the ability to love allowed Harry to resist the temptations of power Voldemort in their second meeting , did not allow the villain apossasse of Harry's body in its fifth year , and will be responsible for the final defeat of Voldemort.11 12
In contrast , another important theme is death . " My books deal very death . Begin with the death of Harry's parents . There is Voldemort's obsession with conquering death and defeat immortality at any price [ ... ] . I understand why Voldemort wants to conquer death . afraid we all have it, "said Rowling.13De fact , Voldemort's name means " flight of death " in Latin and French , and " stealing death " in French and Catalan . The books put the good versus evil and love against death . The persecution of Voldemort to avoid death , which includes episodes like drinking unicorn blood and separating his soul through the use of horcruxes , contrasts with Lily Potter 's sacrifice , love for Harry and the extraordinary magic that his gesture left him , a sacrifice that Voldemort can never understand or appreciate .
Prejudice and discrimination are also widely discussed throughout the books . Harry learns that there are pureblood wizards ( from families where there is only wizards ) who abhor the Mudblood ( a witch wizards and muggle ancestry or wizards who came from a family of muggles only ) and consider them inferior. The middle Mestizos are the wizards , or who has a parent muggle ( or muggle family ) , and the other belonging to the witch community . The most biased within the magical community take these assignments further, using them as a grading system to illustrate the value of a sorcerer , considering the Blood - Pure as superior and Mudblood as negligible . Out prejudices towards humans , there is a departure from the non- human and human - even partially .
The Forest of Dean , one of the scenarios of the last book of the series .
Another important issue arises about the choices . In Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Dumbledore makes perhaps his most important statement on the matter : " It is our choices , Harry , that show what we truly are , far more than our abilities " .14
Dumbledore addresses this issue again in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , when Cornelius Fudge says that more important than how it is born , is that the person becomes the crescer.15
As with many characters throughout the books , Dumbledore believes that " a choice between what is right and what is easy," has been a landmark in the career of Harry Potter at Hogwarts and their choices are among the characteristics that best apart from Voldemort . Both Harry and Voldemort were orphans raised in difficult environments outside the fact they share features that include , as Dumbledore said , " a very rare gift Parselmouth - wisdom , determination " and " a certain disregard for rules " .14 However , Harry , unlike Voldemort consciously decided to take their friendship , kindness, and love , while Voldemort chose purposely reject them .
While such ideas about love , prejudice and choice are , as JK Rowling states , "deeply carved in the whole plot " , the author prefers to let themes " grow organically " , rather than consciously trying to convey these ideas to the reader . 16 The friendship and lealdadesão perhaps the most " organic " themes of all , appearing mainly on the relationship between Harry , Ron and Hermione , a relationship that allows these subjects to develop naturally as the three characters grow , their relationship matures and that their experiences accumulated at Hogwarts test the fidelity of the three friends . These tests become progressively harder , watching the increasingly dark and mysterious tone of the books and the general nature of adolescence .
Structure [ Edit | edit source code ]
Film set of the Great Hall of Hogwarts
Hall of Christ Church emOxford , UK, the location used to represent the Great Hall of Hogwarts .
The Harry Potter series is drawn under a long tradition in British children's literature - the environment of boarding , a genus of the Victorian era , which emphasizes Tom Brown's Schooldays , Thomas Hughes.17 Further , similarly influential works include the Victorian era Edith Nesbit 's books , which Rowling has often said to be a fan , glorifying Nesbit by its very realistic characters and inovadores.18
There is a clear influence of elements less specific to an author, as the mythology and legends . Many of these influences are most noticeable on the creatures that inhabit the universe of Rowling , such as dragons , phoenixes and Hippogriff . Also note also to daastronomia influence, history, geography , and languages (especially Latin ) , often seen in the careful character names, places and feitiçosno wizarding world . The ' " Voldemort " the onomatopoeic " Grawp " (or " Grope " , the giant Hagrid's half-brother ) complex , Rowling creates names that usually contains many significados.19
The books are also , in the words of Stephen King, " shrewd mystery story " .20 Each book is built in a style like the mysterious adventure of Sherlock Holmes ; books leave a number of clues hidden in the narrative , while the characters chase suspects through exotic locations , leading to a sudden change that often reverses what the characters believed . The stories are told by a third-person narrator with unlimited awareness, with very few exceptions ( the opening chapter of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone and Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire , the first two Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and the first Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows ), the reader discovers the secrets of the story when Harry does. The thoughts and plans of other characters , even the core as Ron and Hermione , are kept hidden until revealed to Harry .
The books tend to follow a fairly strict formula. The action takes place over a number of years can be clearly divided into six general sections :
Summer at the Dursleys : Harry spends most of the school summer holidays with the Dursleys in the Muggle world , supporting the bad treatment they receive there. This part ends with Harry going to a different location .
End of Summer : just before school starts in the fall : Harry goes to Diagon Alley , at the Burrow or Grimmauld Place , Number Twelve , . Ends with the entry of Hogwarts on the train on platform 9 ¾ .
New school year in school : new or redefined characters come alive, and Harry exceeds new daily challenges such as difficult tests , loves strangers and grumpy teachers , all this usually ends around Halloween, which coincidentally is the day that Voldemort killed Lily and James Potter .
Conflicts arise : Harry , his friends and schoolmates begin to realize that something is going on and begin to react .
Climax : Harry and his friends make an important discovery , and Harry runs desperately for a given location to a larger conflict , usually involving a battle against the villains . This usually happens near or just after final exams .
Conclusion : Harry begins to recover from the battle and learns important lessons through reports and discussions with Albus Dumbledore . Ends with Harry catching the Hogwarts Express and returning to the home with the Dursleys .
Universe [edit | edit source code ]
At King 's Cross , London , station a replica of " Season 9 3/4 " , the boarding platform of wizards to Hogwarts was created .
The Harry Potter series is set in the world we live in , inhabited by Muggles ( Muggle ) people without magical powers . But in a place reserved only for sorcerers , protected from curious Muggle , by powerful incantations and spells . The series tells the story of Harry James Potter , a boy who had parents dead by a dark wizard known as Lord Voldemort, and goes to live with the Dursleys , his uncles Muggles . At age 11 receives a letter saying that he had been accepted into the School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Hogwarts , the school that is the main setting of the series , where Harry makes true friendships , as Ronald Weasley , Hermione Granger , Neville Longbottom , Seamus Finnigan , Dean Thomas , Luna Lovegood , among others . Still undergoing hazards , aimed at restoring peace in high school giddy after events , as in the book " Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets . '"
Anyway Hogwarts , the main scenario , taking Gringotts , the bank Wizards , Diagon Alley , the alley for the sale of books , cauldrons , animals and magical products. Hogsmeade , a village just next wizards to Hogwarts , where students usually go on holidays . It happens at Hogwarts that the final war between the Death Eaters and Voldemort against students and teachers of Hogwarts , let alone Harry Potter of course .
Paste.svg Gtk - Warning: They finish at the spoilers .
Origin and publication history [edit | edit source code ]
JK Rowling worked on the development of the series of Harry Potter for 17 years.
In 1990 , JK Rowling was on a train going from Manchester to London when the idea for Harry just " appeared " in his head . Rowling tells about the experience on his website : " I've been writing steadily since the age of six but I've never been so excited about an idea before [ ... ] I simply sat and thought , for four hours ( delayed train ) , and all . the details bubbled up in my brain , and this kid wearing glasses and black hair who did not know he was a wizard became more and more real to me . " 21 that night , the author began writing his first novel , Harry Potter and the Stone Philosopher , and a plan that included the plots of each of the seven books , plus plenty of biographical and historical information about their characters and universe. 22
Over the next six years , which included the birth of their first child, a divorce from her first husband and a move to Portugal , Rowling continued to write Philosopher's Stone. 23
When I finally finished the volume , in 1996 , she sent it to a literary agent , and then eight publishers had rejected the manuscript , the Bloomsburyofereceu Rowling £ 3000 early and the Philosopher's Stone was published in the year seguinte.24
Boxes containing the sixth Harry Potter book .
Although Rowling stated that he had no particular age group when he started writing the Harry Potter books , their publishers initially directed us children aged between nine and eleven. On the eve of publication , the publishers asked Joanne Rowling to adopt a neutral pseudônimomais in relation to gender , fearing that the boys did not become interested by a book written by a woman . She elected to use JK Rowling ( Joanne Kathleen Rowling ) , omitting his first name and using her grandmother with second name . 25
After nearly a decade of the publication of the first book , Harry Potter was very successful in part because of positive reviews , strategies for marketing their publishers but also by word-of - mouth among many readers . Rowling's publishers were able to increase this fervor by rapid and successive launch of the first three books , which meant that neither the excitement nor the audience's interest Rowling caíssem.26 The series also won fans adults , causing , in many countries , each book had two editions , like audio -books , 27 with identical text or audio , but with different covers , one targeting children and another for adults.
Harry Potter
Harry Potter é uma série de aventuras fantásticas escrita pela britânica J. K. Rowling. É constituída por sete livros e, desde o lançamento do primeiro volume, Harry Potter e a Pedra Filosofal, em 1997, ganhou grande popularidade e sucesso comercial no mundo todo e deu origem afilmes, videojogos, entre outros itens.2
Mundialmente, a série Harry Potter vendeu cerca de um bilhão de exemplares, até dezembro de 2011, em mais de 67 idiomas.3 4 O livro da série que mais vendeu foi Harry Potter e a Pedra Filosofal com cerca de 120 milhões de cópias comercializadas.5 Graças ao grande sucesso dos livros, Rowling tornou-se a mulher mais rica na história da literatura. Os livros são publicados pela Editora Rocco no Brasil e pela Editorial Presença em Portugal.6
Grande parte da narrativa se passa na Escola de Magia e Bruxaria de Hogwarts, e foca os conflitos entre Harry Potter e o bruxo das trevas Lord Voldemort. Ao mesmo tempo, os livros exploram temas como amizade, ambição, escolha, preconceito, coragem, crescimento, responsabilidade moral e as complexidades da vida e da morte, e acontecem num mundo mágico com suas próprias histórias, habitantes, cultura e sociedades.7
Todos os sete livros planejados foram publicados. O sétimo e último, denominado "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows" (no Brasil traduzido como "Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte", e em Portugal, como "Harry Potter e os Talismãs da Morte"), foi lançado nos Estados Unidos em21 de Julho de 2007, e no Brasil e Portugal em 10 de Novembro e 16 de Novembro, respectivamente.
Os sete livros deram origem a oito filmes, com o último, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, sendo dividido em duas partes: uma lançada em19 de Novembro de 2010, e a outra em 15 de Julho de 2011.8
A história começa com o mundo dos bruxos, que tenta manter-se secreto dos Muggles - termo traduzido para o Brasil como "Trouxas" (aqueles que não são bruxos). Por muitos anos este mundo foi aterrorizado por Lord Voldemort (Tom Marvolo Riddle). Na noite da sua queda, Voldemort encontrou o esconderijo da família Potter, e matou Lilian e Thiago Potter. Entretanto, quando voltou sua varinha contra o bebê dos Potter, Harry, a sua maldição da Morte "Avada Kedavra" voltou-se contra ele. Voldemort só não morreu por causa de suas Horcruxes, porém com o corpo destruído, ele tornou-se um espírito sem poder, procurando refúgio em lugares escondidos do mundo; enquanto isso, Harry foi deixado com uma cicatriz em forma de raio em sua testa, o único sinal físico da maldição de Voldemort. Desde então, Harry tornou-se conhecido no mundo bruxo como "O Menino que Sobreviveu", por ter sido a única pessoa que sobrevivera a uma maldição da morte.
O órfão Harry Potter é criado pelos seus tios, os Trouxas Valter Dursley e Petunia Dursley. Porém, quando o seu aniversário de onze anos se aproxima, Harry tem seu primeiro contato com o mundo mágico quando recebe cartas da Escola de Magia e Bruxaria de Hogwarts, que são roubadas pelos tios antes que ele possa lê-las. No seu décimo primeiro aniversário, Harry é informado por Hagrid, o guarda-caças de Hogwarts, que ele é um bruxo e por isso tem uma vaga na Escola de Magia e Bruxaria de Hogwarts.
Cada livro registra um ano da vida de Harry em Hogwarts, onde ele aprende a usar e controlar a magia. Harry também aprende a ultrapassar muitos obstáculos mágicos, sociais e emocionais que enfrenta em sua adolescência e na segunda tentativa de ascensão de Voldemort ao poder.
Para sinopses detalhadas de cada livro, veja o artigo de cada livro.
Temática e conteúdo
Por ser uma série na qual cada livro equivale a cerca de um ano de vida do protagonista, seu conteúdo amadurece conforme Harry cresce. Os leitores que começaram a ler a saga ainda muito jovens também vão amadurecendo enquanto lêem. A estrutura da história, inclusive, torna-se mais complexa e sofisticada a cada volume.
Os livros de Rowling se passam nos anos 1990, na Inglaterra "trouxa" moderna, com carros, telefones e videogames. Os problemas no mundo mágico são sólidos e reais como os do nosso mundo - preconceito, depressão, ódio, sacrifício, pobreza, morte.9 "Harry vai para seu mundo mágico, e este é melhor que o mundo que ele deixou? Só porque ele encontra pessoas melhores", explica Rowling.10
Um dos temas mais recorrentes ao longo da série é o amor, retratado como uma poderosa forma de magia. Dumbledore acredita que a capacidade de amar permitiu que Harry resistisse às tentações de poder de Voldemort em seu segundo encontro, não permitiu que o vilão se apossasse do corpo de Harry em seu quinto ano, e será responsável pela derrota final de Voldemort.11 12
Em contraste, outro tema importante é a morte. "Os meus livros abordam bastante a morte. Começam com a morte dos pais de Harry. Há a obsessão de Voldemort em derrotar a morte e conquistar a imortalidade a qualquer preço [...]. Eu percebo porque é que Voldemort quer conquistar a morte. Todos nós temos medo dela", disse Rowling.13De fato, o nome de Voldemort significa "vôo da morte" em Latim e Francês, e "roubar a morte" em Francês e Catalão. Os livros colocam o bem contra o mal e o amor contra a morte. A perseguição de Voldemort para evitar a morte, que inclui episódios como beber sangue de unicórnio e separar a sua alma através do uso de horcruxes, contrasta com o sacrifício de Lilian Potter, o amor por Harry e a magia extraordinária que o seu gesto deixou nele, um sacrifício que Voldemort nunca poderá entender ou apreciar.
O preconceito e a discriminação são também amplamente abordados ao longo dos livros. Harry aprende que existem feiticeiros Sangue-Puro (oriundos de famílias onde só há bruxos) que abominam os sangue-ruim (bruxos de ascendência bruxa e trouxa ou ainda bruxos que vieram de uma família só de muggles) e os consideram inferiores. O meio termo são os bruxos Mestiços, ou seja, que tem um dos pais muggle (ou de família muggle), e o outro pertencente a comunidade bruxa. Os mais preconceituosos dentro da comunidade mágica levam estas designações mais longe, utilizando-as como um sistema de graduação para ilustrar o valor de um feiticeiro, considerando os de Sangue-Puro como sendo superiores e os sangue-ruim como desprezáveis. Fora os preconceitos em relação aos humanos, existe um afastamento dos não-humanos e até parcialmente-humanos.
Outro importante tema decorre sobre as escolhas. Em Harry Potter e a Câmara Secreta, Dumbledore faz, talvez, sua mais importante declaração sobre o assunto: "São as nossas escolhas, Harry, que revelam o que realmente somos, muito mais do que as nossas qualidades".14
Dumbledore aborda esse tema novamente em Harry Potter e o Cálice de Fogo, quando diz a Cornelius Fudge que mais importante do que como se nasce, é o que a pessoa se torna ao crescer.15
Assim como para muitas personagens ao longo dos livros, o que Dumbledore considera "uma escolha entre o que está certo e o que é fácil", tem sido um marco na carreira de Harry Potter em Hogwarts e as suas escolhas estão entre as características que melhor o diferenciam de Voldemort. Tanto Harry como Voldemort foram órfãos criados em ambientes difíceis, fora o fato de partilharem características que incluem, como Dumbledore afirmou, "um raríssimo dom ofidioglota — sabedoria, determinação" e "um certo desapreço por regras".14 Contudo, Harry, ao contrário de Voldemort, decidiu conscientemente adotar a amizade, a bondade e o amor, enquanto que Voldemort escolheu propositalmente rejeitá-los.
Enquanto que tais idéias sobre amor, preconceito e escolha estão, como afirma J.K. Rowling, "profundamente cravadas em todo o enredo", a autora prefere deixar que os temas "cresçam organicamente", em vez de conscientemente tentar transmitir essas idéias ao leitor. 16 A amizade e a lealdadesão talvez os temas mais "orgânicos" de todos, aparecendo principalmente na relação entre Harry, Ron e Hermione, relação essa que permite que estes assuntos se desenvolvam naturalmente à medida que os três personagens crescem, que a sua relação amadurece e que as suas experiências acumuladas em Hogwarts testem a fidelidade dos três amigos. Essas provas tornam-se progressivamente mais difíceis, acompanhando o tom cada vez mais escuro e misterioso dos livros e a natureza geral da adolescência.
Estrutura
A série Harry Potter é traçada sob uma longa tradição na literatura infantil inglesa - o ambiente dos internatos, um gênero da era Victoriana, no qual se destaca Tom Brown's Schooldays, de Thomas Hughes.17 Mais adiante, trabalhos similarmente influentes da era Victoriana incluem os livros de Edith Nesbit, da qual Rowling tem frequentemente dito ser fã, glorificando Nesbit pelos seus personagens muito realistas e inovadores.18
Há uma clara influência de elementos menos específicos a um autor, como a mitologia e as lendas. Muitas dessas influências são mais notadas nas criaturas que habitam o universo de Rowling, como por exemplo, os dragões, fênix e hipogrifos. Além disso também nota-se a influência daastronomia, história, geografia, e idiomas (principalmente Latim), freqüentemente vistos nos cuidadosos nomes de personagens, lugares e feitiçosno mundo bruxo. Do complexo '"Voldemort" ao onomatopéico "Grawp" (ou "Grope", o meio irmão gigante de Hagrid), Rowling cria nomes que geralmente contém muitos significados.19
Os livros também são, nas palavras de Stephen King, uma "perspicaz história de mistério".20 Cada livro é construído num estilo de aventura misteriosa como as de Sherlock Holmes; os livros deixam um número de pistas escondidas na narrativa, enquanto os personagens perseguem suspeitos por locais exóticos, conduzindo a uma mudança repentina que muitas vezes reverte o que os personagens acreditavam. As histórias são contadas por um narrador em terceira pessoa com consciência limitada, com pouquíssimas exceções (o capítulo inicial de Harry Potter e a Pedra Filosofal e Harry Potter e o Cálice de Fogo, os dois primeiros de Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe e o primeiro de Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte); o leitor descobre os segredos da história quando Harry o faz. Os pensamentos e planos de outros personagens, mesmo os centrais como Ron e Hermione, são mantidos escondidos até serem revelados à Harry.
Os livros tendem a seguir uma fórmula bastante estrita. A ação que decorre durante uma série de anos pode ser claramente dividida em 6 seções gerais:
- Verão na casa dos Dursley: Harry passa a maior parte das férias de Verão da escola com os Dursley, no mundo dos Trouxas, suportando o mau tratamento que aí recebe. Esta parte termina com Harry indo a um local diferente.
- Fim do Verão: pouco antes do começo das aulas no Outono: Harry vai ao Beco Diagonal, à A Toca ou ao Largo Grimmauld, Número Doze,. Termina com a entrada no comboio de Hogwarts na plataforma 9¾.
- Novo ano letivo na escola: personagens novas ou redefinidas tomam vida, e Harry ultrapassa novos desafios diários, tais como testes difíceis, amores estranhos e professores mal-humorados; tudo isto termina normalmente perto do Halloween, que coincidentemente é o dia que Voldemort matou Lílian e Tiago Potter.
- Conflitos surgem: Harry, seus amigos e colegas de escola começam a perceber que algo se passa e começam a reagir.
- Clímax: Harry e os seus amigos fazem uma descoberta importante, e Harry corre desesperadamente para um determinado local para um conflito maior, normalmente envolvendo uma batalha contra os vilões. Isto normalmente acontece perto ou logo após os exames finais.
- Conclusão: Harry começa a se recuperar da batalha e aprende lições importantes através de relatos e discussões com Alvo Dumbledore. Termina com o Harry apanhando o Expresso de Hogwarts e regressando à casa com os Dursley.
Universo
A série Harry Potter, passa-se no mundo em que vivemos, habitados por Muggles (Trouxas), pessoas sem poderes mágicos. Mas num local reservado apenas aos feiticeiros, protegido da curiosidade Muggle, por poderosos encantamentos e feitiços. A série conta a história de Harry James Potter, um rapaz que teve os pais mortos por um bruxo das trevas, conhecido como Lord Voldemort, e passa a viver com os Dursley, seus tios Muggles. Aos 11 anos recebe uma carta a falar que tinha sido aceito na Escola de Magia e Bruxaria de Hogwarts, a escola que é o principal cenário da série, onde Harry faz amizades verdadeiras, como Ronald Weasley, Hermione Granger, Neville Longbottom, Simas Finnigan, Dino Thomas, Luna Lovegood, entre outros. Ainda passa por perigos, que visam restaurar a paz no colégio depois de eventos vertiginosos, como no livro "Harry Potter e a Câmara Secreta"'.
Enfim Hogwarts, o principal cenário, tirando Gringotes, o banco dos feiticeiros, o Beco Diagonal, o beco destinado a venda de livros, caldeirões, animais e produtos mágicos. Hogsmeade, uma vila apenas de feiticeiros próximo a Hogwarts, em que os estudantes geralmente vão nos feriados. É em Hogwarts que acontece a guerra final entre Comensais da Morte e Voldemort contra os estudantes e professores de Hogwarts, sem falar em Harry Potter é claro.
Aviso: Terminam aqui as Origem e histórico de publicação
Em 1990, J.K. Rowling estava num trem indo de Manchester para Londres quando a idéia para Harry simplesmente "apareceu" em sua cabeça. Rowling conta sobre a experiência em seu website: "Tenho escrito continuamente desde os seis anos de idade mas nunca estive tão excitada com uma idéia antes. [...] Eu simplesmente sentei e pensei, por quatro horas (trem atrasado), e todos os detalhes borbulharam em meu cérebro, e este garoto de óculos e cabelos pretos que não sabia que era um bruxo tornou-se mais e mais real para mim."21 Naquela noite, a autora começou a escrever seu primeiro romance, Harry Potter e a Pedra Filosofal, e um plano que incluía os enredos de cada uma dos sete livros, além de muita informação biográfica e histórica sobre seus personagens e universo. 22
Nos seis anos seguintes, que incluíram o nascimento de sua primeira filha, o divórcio de seu primeiro marido e uma mudança para Portugal, Rowling continuou a escrever Pedra Filosofal. 23
Quando finalmente terminou o volume, em 1996, ela enviou-o a um agente literário e, depois oito editoras terem rejeitado o manuscrito, a Bloomsburyofereceu a Rowling £ 3 mil adiantadas, e Pedra Filosofal foi publicado no ano seguinte.24
Apesar de Rowling declarar que não tinha nenhuma faixa etária em particular quando começou a escrever os livros de Harry Potter, suas editoras inicialmente direcionaram-nos a crianças com idade entre nove e onze anos. Às vésperas da publicação, as editoras pediram a Joanne Rowling que adotasse uma pseudônimomais neutro em relação ao gênero, temendo que os meninos não se interessassem por um livro escrito por uma mulher. Ela escolheu usar J. K. Rowling (Joanne Kathleen Rowling), omitindo seu primeiro nome e usando o de sua avó com segundo nome. 25
Após quase uma década da publicação do primeiro livro, Harry Potter alcançou muito sucesso em parte por causa de críticas positivas, estratégias de marketing de suas editoras, mas também pela propaganda boca-a-boca entre muitos leitores. As editoras de Rowling estiveram aptas a aumentar este fervor pelo lançamento rápido e sucessivo dos três primeiros livros, o que fez com que nem a excitação nem o interesse da audiência de Rowling caíssem.26 A série também conquistou fãs adultos, fazendo com que, em muitos países, cada livro tivesse duas edições, assim como os audio-books,27 , com texto ou áudio idênticos, mas com capas diferentes, uma delas direcionada a crianças e a outra, a adultos.
Fonte : http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Potter
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