The Lord of the Rings

The Lord of the Rings ( original English title : The Lord of the Rings ) is a trilogy of fantasy books created by writer , teacher and British philologist JRR Tolkien . The saga begins as a result of a previous book of Tolkien's The Hobbit ( The Hobbit ) , and soon developed into a much larger story. It was written between 1937 and 1949 , with many parts created during World War II Mundial.2 Although Tolkien has planned to accomplish it in one volume , was originally published in three volumes ( "The Fellowship of the Ring " , "The Two Towers " and " The Return of the King" ) between 1954 and 1955 , and was thus , in three volumes , which became popular . Since been reprinted several times and translated into over 40 languages ​​and sold over 160 million copies , 3 making it one of the most popular works of literature of the twentieth century.

The first edition in Portuguese published in Brazil by the former editor Artenova of Rio de Janeiro - with translation by Antonio Rocha and Alberto Monjardim - consisted of six volumes (having each of the three books in the series divided into two volumes , sold separately). Were entitled " Magic Land " , " The People of the Ring " ( which formed Fellowship of the Ring ) , " The Two Towers " , " The Return of the Ring " ( which formed The Two Towers ) , " The Siege of Gondor " and " the Return of the King " (which closed the series forming the third and final original volume , the Return of the King ) . All these six books were released in the country between 1974 and 1979 . The second edition was published in Portuguese and published in Portugal during the 1980s , published by America Europe, with three separate volumes . A third and last time the English edition was held by Brazilian publisher Routledge in 1991 and published in 1994 . In this new edition, Routledge corrected prior to publishing six volumes publisher " error " , uniting them as originally published in Great Britain , under the same titles , duly traduzidos4 .

The story of The Lord of the Rings takes place in an imaginary time and space, the Third Age of Middle Earth , which is inspired by the real Earth, more specifically world, according to Tolkien , a mythological Europe, inhabited by Humans and other races : Elves , dwarves and Orcs . Tolkien gave the name to this place the word in modern English , Middle-earth ( Middle-earth ) , derived from the Old English middangeard , the realm where humans live in Norse mythology and Germanic . Tolkien himself said he intended AMBIENTA it in our Land, approximately 6,000 years ago , 5 although the correspondence with the geography and history of the real world was fragile.

The story chronicles the conflict against evil that is spreading through Middle Earth, through the various races Fight - Humans, Dwarves , Elves , Ents and Hobbits - against Orcs , to prevent the " Ring of Power " return to the hands of his creator Sauron , the Dark Lord . Starting from quiet beginnings County , the story changes through Middle-earth and follows the course of the War of the Ring through the eyes of his characters , especially the protagonist , Frodo Baggins. The main story is followed by six appendices that provide a wealth of historical background material and linguístico.6

Along with other works of Tolkien , The Lord of the Rings was the subject of extensive analysis of its themes and literary sources. While a great job has been done, the story is merely the result of a mythology in which Tolkien worked from 1917.7 Influences on this earlier work and the history of the Lord of the Rings range from elements of philology , mythology , industrialization and religion to ancient fantasy works and Tolkien 's experiences in World War I ( 1914-18 ) , which participara.8 the Lord of the Rings had a great effect on modern fantasy , and the impact of Tolkien's works is such that the use of words " Tolkienian " and " Tolkienesque " ( " Tolkien " and " Tolkienesco " , the anglicized form) was recorded in the Oxford dictionary Inglês Dictionary.9

The enormous and enduring popularity of The Lord of the Rings has led to numerous references in pop culture, the creation of many companies Tolkien10 fans work and the publication of many essays on Tolkien and his work . The Lord of the Rings inspired ( and continues to inspire ) works of art, music , film and television , video games and a parallel literature. The American filmmaker George Lucas admitted in an interview that his cinematrográfica Star Wars saga , has been inspired by Tolkien's saga . Adaptations of the book have been made for radio, theater and film . In 2001 - 2003 was launched the film trilogy The Lord of the Rings ( The Lord of the Rings ) , which became a box office success worldwide , exposing significantly and unprecedented work of the author to the general public , which eventually renew its contingent of fans and admirers and promote an explosion of interest in the Lord of the Rings , as well as other works of Tolkien11 .

Structure of the work and background of the story

It has been said that the work should be released in a single volume , but it was divided into three as a way to reduce the costs ( paper rationing was in England post-war ) . Each volume is divided into two volumes , or " books."

The first volume , The Fellowship of the Ring , published in 1954 , contains a prologue , in which are given the characteristics of the Hobbits .

The second volume , The Two Towers , published a few months after The Fellowship of the Ring , also in 1954 , continues the original story with more characters .

The saga ends with the publication in 1955 of the third volume , entitled The Return of the King , which contains several explanatory appendices on the history , languages ​​, the chronology of the narrative and additional information about the mythology created by Tolkien for his Middle-earth .

The Hand of Sauron

The backdrop of the story is revealed as the book progresses , and also elaborated in the appendices , the Silmarillion and Unfinished Tales , the last published after Tolkien's death . Begins thousands of years before the action in the book , with the rise of the eponymous Lord of the Rings , the dark lord Sauron , possessed of great supernatural powers who ruled the dreaded realm of Mordor . At the end of the First Age of Middle-earth , Sauron survived the catastrophic defeat and exile of his master , the key figure of the evil Morgoth and Sauron during the Second Age planned to gain mastery over Middle Earth . Guise of " Annatar " or lord of gifts helped the Elves of Eregion smiths , and encouraged the forging of the magic rings that conferred various powers and abilities to their carriers , but Celebrimbor , leader of blacksmiths elves ( and very talented grandson of Fëanor had created the Silmarils in the First Age ) , regardless of the Sauron had forged . The most important of these were the nineteen Rings of Power or Great Rings

Then Sauron secretly forged a Great Ring for himself , the One Ring , as it planned to enslave the bearers of the other Rings of Power . This plan failed partly because the Elves became aware of it and hid their rings , the Three Elven Rings , giving them to the Sages of his time ( Galadriel , Cirdan and Gil - Galad ) . These , Sauron never touched . Sauron then launched the war , during which he captured sixteen of the power rings and distributed them to the lords and kings of dwarves and men . These rings were known as the seven and nine respectively. The Dwarf Lords proved too tough to enslavement , although his natural desire for wealth , especially gold , increase , it brought many conflicts between them and other races . Of the seven rings that had been given to the Dwarf-lords Sauron regained that had not been destroyed , and the nine rings presented to Men , Sauron brought everyone to their custody . These human carriers of Nine slowly became corrupted and consequently the undead , Nazgul , the Ringwraiths , the most feared servants of Sauron .

After 1500 years , the Numenoreans sent a large force to destroy Sauron , led by its powerful monarch Ar- Pharazon the Golden . Abandoned by his servants , Sauron surrendered and was taken prisoner to Númenor . However, with foresight and willpower, began advising the king and poisoned the minds of Numenoreans against the Valar . Eluded their king , advising him to invade the Undying Lands to get to be immortal as the Valar and the Elves . The Valar , upon hearing of the invasion , pleaded Eru Ilúvatar , which caused a landslide on Numenoreans , and opened a great chasm in the sea , destroying Númenor and separating the Undying Lands of Mortals . Sauron 's physical body was destroyed , but his spirit returned to Mordor and assumed a new and terrible form . Some Numenoreans (called Faithful because they have not stopped worshiping Iluvatar ) also succeeded in escaping to Middle- earth . These were called Elendili and were led by Elendil and his sons Isildur and Anarion .

After a hundred years , Sauron launched an attack against the exiles Numenoreans . Elendil formed the Last Alliance of Elves and Men with the Elven - king Gil - galad . Marched against Mordor , defeating Sauron's armies on the plains of Dagorlad and besieged fortress Barad -dur , where Anárion died . After seven years under siege , Sauron himself was forced to come out and get into a fight with the leaders . Gil - galad and Elendil were killed while fighting Sauron the sword of Elendil , Narsil , broke. Sauron's body was subdued and morto5 and Isildur cut the One Ring from his hand with what was left of the sword , Narsil , when this happened , Sauron's spirit fled and did not reappear for many centuries . Isildur was advised by Elrond , to destroy the One Ring by throwing it into the volcano of Mount Doom where it was forged, but attracted by her beauty , Isildur chose to keep it that were the heritage of his people .

Thus began the Third Age of Middle -earth. Two years later, Isildur and his soldiers were attacked in an ambush by a band of Orcs in what was later called " Disaster of the Gladden Fields " . Almost all the men were killed, but Isildur escaped by putting the Ring , which makes invisible those places . But A betrayed his carrier, escaping the finger of Isildur , who was seen by an arrow and orcs , and the Ring was lost for two millennia .

It was then found by chance in the river by an ancestor of the hobbits called Déagol . His relative Sméagol strangled and amigo5 to steal the ring . Smeagol fled to the Misty Mountains after being kicked out , and the roots of the mountains turned into a repulsive and disgusting creature called Gollum .

In The Hobbit , about 60 years before the events of Lord of the Rings , Tolkien related the story of the Ring seemingly chance encounter with another hobbit , Bilbo Baggins , who takes her home , the Shire. It was only during the creation of The Lord of the Rings Tolkien related the histórias.5 Neither Bilbo nor the wizard Gandalf were aware at this point that Bilbo 's magic ring was the One Ring , forged by the dark lord Sauron .

The saga of the Ring account at the end of the Third Age , the struggle between the free peoples of Middle-earth against Sauron , who seeks the One Ring and aims to dominate Middle -earth , as well as his master , Morgoth , tried above.

Fonte : http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Senhor_dos_An%C3%A9is